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malicious HTTP/2 client which rapidly creates requests and immediately resets them can cause excessive server resource consumption. While the total number of requests is bounded by the http2.Server.MaxConcurrentStreams setting, resetting an in-progress request allows the attacker to create a new request while the existing one is still executing.\n\nWith the fix applied, HTTP/2 servers now bound the number of simultaneously executing handler goroutines to the stream concurrency limit (MaxConcurrentStreams). New requests arriving when at the limit (which can only happen after the client has reset an existing, in-flight request) will be queued until a handler exits. If the request queue grows too large, the server will terminate the connection.\n\nThis issue is also fixed in golang.org/x/net/http2 for users manually configuring HTTP/2.\n\nThe default stream concurrency limit is 250 streams (requests) per HTTP/2 connection. This value may be adjusted using the golang.org/x/net/http2 package; see the Server.MaxConcurrentStreams setting and the ConfigureServer function."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2023-39325","cvss":[{"type":"Primary","source":"nvd@nist.gov","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","metrics":{"baseScore":7.5,"impactScore":3.6,"exploitabilityScore":3.9},"version":"3.1","vendorMetadata":{}}],"cwes":[{"cve":"CVE-2023-39325","cwe":"CWE-770","type":"Primary","source":"nvd@nist.gov"}],"epss":[{"cve":"CVE-2023-39325","date":"2026-10-27","epss":0.03796,"percentile":0.89935}],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/534215","https://go.dev/cl/534235","https://go.dev/issue/63417","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/iNNxDTCjZvo/m/UDd7VKQuAAAJ","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3OVW5V2DM5K5IC3H7O42YDUGNJ74J35O/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3SZN67IL7HMGMNAVLOTIXLIHUDXZK4LH/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3WJ4QVX2AMUJ2F2S27POOAHRC4K3CHU4/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/4BUK2ZIAGCULOOYDNH25JPU6JBES5NF2/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/5RSKA2II6QTD4YUKUNDVJQSRYSFC4VFR/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AVZDNSMVDAQJ64LJC5I5U5LDM5753647/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CHHITS4PUOZAKFIUBQAQZC7JWXMOYE4B/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CLB4TW7KALB3EEQWNWCN7OUIWWVWWCG2/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/D2BBIDR2ZMB3X5BC7SR4SLQMHRMVPY6L/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ECRC75BQJP6FJN2L7KCKYZW4DSBD7QSD/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FTMJ3NJIDAZFWJQQSP3L22MUFJ3UP2PT/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/GSY7SXFFTPZFWDM6XELSDSHZLVW3AHK7/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HZQIELEIRSZUYTFFH5KTH2YJ4IIQG2KE/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IPWCNYB5PQ5PCVZ4NJT6G56ZYFZ5QBU6/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KEOTKBUPZXHE3F352JBYNTSNRXYLWD6P/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KSEGD2IWKNUO3DWY4KQGUQM5BISRWHQE/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/L5E5JSJBZLYXOTZWXHJKRVCIXIHVWKJ6/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MZQYOOKHQDQ57LV2IAG6NRFOVXKHJJ3Z/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NG7IMPL55MVWU3LCI4JQJT3K2U5CHDV7/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ODBY7RVMGZCBSTWF2OZGIZS57FNFUL67/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OXGWPQOJ3JNDW2XIYKIVJ7N7QUIFNM2Q/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PJCUNGIQDUMZ4Z6HWVYIMR66A35F5S74/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QF5QSYAOPDOWLY6DUHID56Q4HQFYB45I/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QXOU2JZUBEBP7GBKAYIJRPRBZSJCD7ST/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/R3UETKPUB3V5JS5TLZOF3SMTGT5K5APS/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/REMHVVIBDNKSRKNOTV7EQSB7CYQWOUOU/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T7N5GV4CHH6WAGX3GFMDD3COEOVCZ4RI/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ULQQONMSCQSH5Z5OWFFQHCGEZ3NL4DRJ/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UTT7DG3QOF5ZNJLUGHDNLRUIN6OWZARP/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/W2LZSWTV4NV4SNQARNXG5T6LRHP26EW2/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WCNCBYKZXLDFGAJUB7ZP5VLC3YTHJNVH/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XFOIBB4YFICHDM7IBOP7PWXW3FX4HLL2/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XTNLSL44Y5FB6JWADSZH6DCV4JJAAEQY/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YJWHBLVZDM5KQSDFRBFRKU5KSSOLIRQ4/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YRKEXKANQ7BKJW2YTAMP625LJUJZLJ4P/","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZSVEMQV5ROY5YW5QE3I57HT3ITWG5GCV/","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2102","https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-09","https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231110-0008/"],"severity":"High","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39325","description":"A malicious HTTP/2 client which rapidly creates requests and immediately resets them can cause excessive server resource consumption. While the total number of requests is bounded by the http2.Server.MaxConcurrentStreams setting, resetting an in-progress request allows the attacker to create a new request while the existing one is still executing. With the fix applied, HTTP/2 servers now bound the number of simultaneously executing handler goroutines to the stream concurrency limit (MaxConcurrentStreams). New requests arriving when at the limit (which can only happen after the client has reset an existing, in-flight request) will be queued until a handler exits. If the request queue grows too large, the server will terminate the connection. This issue is also fixed in golang.org/x/net/http2 for users manually configuring HTTP/2. The default stream concurrency limit is 250 streams (requests) per HTTP/2 connection. This value may be adjusted using the golang.org/x/net/http2 package; see the Server.MaxConcurrentStreams setting and the ConfigureServer function."},{"id":"GHSA-4374-p667-p6c8","cvss":[{"type":"Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H","metrics":{"baseScore":7.5,"impactScore":3.6,"exploitabilityScore":3.9},"version":"3.1","vendorMetadata":{}}],"cwes":[{"cve":"CVE-2023-39325","cwe":"CWE-770","type":"Primary","source":"nvd@nist.gov"}],"epss":[{"cve":"CVE-2023-39325","date":"2026-10-27","epss":0.03796,"percentile":0.89935}],"urls":["https://github.com/golang/go/issues/63417","https://go.dev/cl/534215","https://go.dev/cl/534235","https://go.dev/issue/63417","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/iNNxDTCjZvo/m/UDd7VKQuAAAJ","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-39325","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2102","https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202311-09","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3OVW5V2DM5K5IC3H7O42YDUGNJ74J35O","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3SZN67IL7HMGMNAVLOTIXLIHUDXZK4LH","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/4BUK2ZIAGCULOOYDNH25JPU6JBES5NF2","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/5RSKA2II6QTD4YUKUNDVJQSRYSFC4VFR","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/AVZDNSMVDAQJ64LJC5I5U5LDM5753647","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CHHITS4PUOZAKFIUBQAQZC7JWXMOYE4B","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CLB4TW7KALB3EEQWNWCN7OUIWWVWWCG2","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/D2BBIDR2ZMB3X5BC7SR4SLQMHRMVPY6L","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ECRC75BQJP6FJN2L7KCKYZW4DSBD7QSD","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FTMJ3NJIDAZFWJQQSP3L22MUFJ3UP2PT","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/GSY7SXFFTPZFWDM6XELSDSHZLVW3AHK7","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/HZQIELEIRSZUYTFFH5KTH2YJ4IIQG2KE","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/IPWCNYB5PQ5PCVZ4NJT6G56ZYFZ5QBU6","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KEOTKBUPZXHE3F352JBYNTSNRXYLWD6P","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KSEGD2IWKNUO3DWY4KQGUQM5BISRWHQE","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MZQYOOKHQDQ57LV2IAG6NRFOVXKHJJ3Z","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/NG7IMPL55MVWU3LCI4JQJT3K2U5CHDV7","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/OXGWPQOJ3JNDW2XIYKIVJ7N7QUIFNM2Q","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PJCUNGIQDUMZ4Z6HWVYIMR66A35F5S74","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QF5QSYAOPDOWLY6DUHID56Q4HQFYB45I","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/R3UETKPUB3V5JS5TLZOF3SMTGT5K5APS","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/REMHVVIBDNKSRKNOTV7EQSB7CYQWOUOU","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/T7N5GV4CHH6WAGX3GFMDD3COEOVCZ4RI","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ULQQONMSCQSH5Z5OWFFQHCGEZ3NL4DRJ","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/UTT7DG3QOF5ZNJLUGHDNLRUIN6OWZARP","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/W2LZSWTV4NV4SNQARNXG5T6LRHP26EW2","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WCNCBYKZXLDFGAJUB7ZP5VLC3YTHJNVH","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XFOIBB4YFICHDM7IBOP7PWXW3FX4HLL2","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XTNLSL44Y5FB6JWADSZH6DCV4JJAAEQY","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/YRKEXKANQ7BKJW2YTAMP625LJUJZLJ4P","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/ZSVEMQV5ROY5YW5QE3I57HT3ITWG5GCV","https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231110-0008","https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce@lists.fedoraproject.org/message/L5E5JSJBZLYXOTZWXHJKRVCIXIHVWKJ6","https://lists.fedorapr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rapid reset can cause excessive work in net/http"}]},{"artifact":{"id":"bebf031c5eb7c7b1","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:1.20.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"name":"stdlib","purl":"pkg:golang/stdlib@1.20.7","type":"go-module","version":"go1.20.7","language":"go","licenses":["BSD-3-Clause"],"metadata":{"architecture":"","goCompiledVersion":"go1.20.7"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/fixuid","layerID":"sha256:3f4495a891dcd1252878a62937610bad2f37b4da54c0ad55e594a73dcc31950d","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/fixuid","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"1.20.11"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2023-2185","versionConstraint":"<1.20.11||>=1.21.0-0,<1.21.4 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"stdlib","version":"go1.20.7"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2023-2185","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["1.20.11","1.21.4"],"available":[{"date":"2023-11-07","kind":"release","version":"1.20.11"},{"date":"2023-11-07","kind":"release","version":"1.21.4"}]},"cvss":[{"type":"Primary","source":"nvd@nist.gov","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","metrics":{"baseScore":7.5,"impactScore":3.6,"exploitabilityScore":3.9},"version":"3.1","vendorMetadata":{}}],"cwes":[{"cve":"CVE-2023-45283","cwe":"CWE-22","type":"Primary","source":"nvd@nist.gov"}],"epss":[{"cve":"CVE-2023-45283","date":"2026-10-27","epss":0.02758,"percentile":0.8618}],"risk":2.0685000000000002,"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/540277","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/4tU8LZfBFkY","https://go.dev/issue/64028","https://go.dev/cl/541175","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-dev/c/6ypN5EjibjM/m/KmLVYH_uAgAJ"],"severity":"High","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/issue/63713","description":"The filepath package does not recognize paths with a \\??\\ prefix as special.\n\nOn Windows, a path beginning with \\??\\ is a Root Local Device path equivalent to a path beginning with \\\\?\\. Paths with a \\??\\ prefix may be used to access arbitrary locations on the system. For example, the path \\??\\c:\\x is equivalent to the more common path c:\\x.\n\nBefore fix, Clean could convert a rooted path such as \\a\\..\\??\\b into the root local device path \\??\\b. Clean will now convert this to .\\??\\b.\n\nSimilarly, Join(\\, ??, b) could convert a seemingly innocent sequence of path elements into the root local device path \\??\\b. Join will now convert this to \\.\\??\\b.\n\nIn addition, with fix, IsAbs now correctly reports paths beginning with \\??\\ as absolute, and VolumeName correctly reports the \\??\\ prefix as a volume name.\n\nUPDATE: Go 1.20.11 and Go 1.21.4 inadvertently changed the definition of the volume name in Windows paths starting with \\?, resulting in filepath.Clean(\\?\\c:) returning \\?\\c: rather than \\?\\c:\\ (among other effects). The previous behavior has been restored."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2023-45283","cvss":[{"type":"Primary","source":"nvd@nist.gov","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N","metrics":{"baseScore":7.5,"impactScore":3.6,"exploitabilityScore":3.9},"version":"3.1","vendorMetadata":{}}],"cwes":[{"cve":"CVE-2023-45283","cwe":"CWE-22","type":"Primary","source":"nvd@nist.gov"}],"epss":[{"cve":"CVE-2023-45283","date":"2026-10-27","epss":0.02758,"percentile":0.8618}],"urls":["http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/05/2","https://go.dev/cl/540277","https://go.dev/cl/541175","https://go.dev/issue/63713","https://go.dev/issue/64028","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/4tU8LZfBFkY","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-dev/c/6ypN5EjibjM/m/KmLVYH_uAgAJ","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2185","https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20231214-0008/"],"severity":"High","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-45283","description":"The filepath package does not recognize paths with a \\??\\ prefix as special. On Windows, a path beginning with \\??\\ is a Root Local Device path equivalent to a path beginning with \\\\?\\. Paths with a \\??\\ prefix may be used to access arbitrary locations on the system. For example, the path \\??\\c:\\x is equivalent to the more common path c:\\x. Before fix, Clean could convert a rooted path such as \\a\\..\\??\\b into the root local device path \\??\\b. Clean will now convert this to .\\??\\b. Similarly, Join(\\, ??, b) could convert a seemingly innocent sequence of path elements into the root local device path \\??\\b. Join will now convert this to \\.\\??\\b. In addition, with fix, IsAbs now correctly reports paths beginning with \\??\\ as absolute, and VolumeName correctly reports the \\??\\ prefix as a volume name. UPDATE: Go 1.20.11 and Go 1.21.4 inadvertently changed the definition of the volume name in Windows paths starting with \\?, resulting in filepath.Clean(\\?\\c:) returning \\?\\c: rather than \\?\\c:\\ (among other effects). The previous behavior has been restored."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"bebf031c5eb7c7b1","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:1.20.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"name":"stdlib","purl":"pkg:golang/stdlib@1.20.7","type":"go-module","version":"go1.20.7","language":"go","licenses":["BSD-3-Clause"],"metadata":{"architecture":"","goCompiledVersion":"go1.20.7"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/fixuid","layerID":"sha256:3f4495a891dcd1252878a62937610bad2f37b4da54c0ad55e594a73dcc31950d","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/fixuid","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"1.21.11"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2024-2887","versionConstraint":"<1.21.11||>=1.22.0-0,<1.22.4 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Summary\n\n\n\n`qs.stringify` with `arrayFormat: 'comma'` throws `TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value` when an array element cannot be coerced to a string, such as an object with an own non-callable `toString` (`{ \"toString\": \"x\" }`) or a null-prototype object. The comma format joins array elements with `Array.prototype.join` and, under `encodeValuesOnly`, first passes each element through `String()` in `utils.encode`; neither guards against an element whose string coercion fails.\n\n\n\n### Details\n\n\n\nIn `lib/stringify.js`, the comma branch collapses the array with `obj.join(',')`. For an element whose own `toString` is not callable, `ToPrimitive` skips it, falls through to `Object.prototype.valueOf` (which returns the object itself), and throws. Under `encodeValuesOnly: true`, the same element first reaches `String(str)` in `utils.encode` (`lib/utils.js`) and throws there. Nested arrays (`{ \"a\": [[{ \"toString\": \"x\" }]] }`) throw the same way, through `Array.prototype.toString`. The `indices`, `brackets`, and `repeat` formats walk into object elements instead of coercing them, and are not affected.\n\n\n\nSuch elements can come from untrusted input. `JSON.parse` produces `{ \"a\": [{ \"toString\": \"x\" }] }` with no qs option involved. `qs.parse(\"a[0][toString]=x\", { allowPrototypes: true })` keeps the `toString` key, and `qs.parse(\"a[][b]=c\", { plainObjects: true })` produces a null-prototype element; the default parse options drop `toString` and produce ordinary objects, which do not throw. Express 4's default `query parser`, Express 5's `extended` query parser, and body-parser's `urlencoded({ extended: true })` all call `qs.parse` with `allowPrototypes: true`.\n\n\n\n#### PoC\n\n\n\n```js\n\n\n\nvar qs = require(\"qs\");\n\n\n\nqs.stringify(JSON.parse(\"{\\\"a\\\":[{\\\"toString\\\":\\\"x\\\"}]}\"), { arrayFormat: \"comma\" });\n\n\n\nqs.stringify(qs.parse(\"a[0][toString]=x\", { allowPrototypes: true }), { arrayFormat: \"comma\" });\n\n\n\nqs.stringify(qs.parse(\"a[][b]=c\", { plainObjects: true }), { arrayFormat: \"comma\", encodeValuesOnly: true });\n\n\n\n// TypeError: Cannot convert object to primitive value\n\n\n\n```\n\n\n\n#### Fix\n\n\n\nApplied in a952e75 on `main` and released as v6.16.1: an element whose string coercion would fail is coerced to its primitive `valueOf`, if any, or else to `Object.prototype.toString`, so it renders as `[object Object]`, the same as any other object element already does under the comma format. Nested arrays are walked the way `join` walks them. Every input that did not previously throw serializes exactly as before, and a `toString` or `valueOf` that itself throws still propagates.\n\n\n\n### Affected versions\n\n\n\n`>=6.7.0 <6.16.1`, fixed in v6.16.1.\n\n\n\nThe `join` path was introduced with the comma format in b84acba and first shipped in v6.7.0; v6.6.x and earlier ignore `arrayFormat: 'comma'` and are not affected. The `encodeValuesOnly` `String()` site was introduced in 4c4b23d (v6.11.1); before that, the same input throws at `join`. Every release from v6.7.0 through v6.16.0 is affected.\n\n\n\n### Impact\n\n\n\nAn unauthenticated request can make any code path that re-serializes attacker-influenced data with `qs.stringify` and `arrayFormat: 'comma'` (for example, rebuilding a query string from `req.query` for a redirect or an upstream request, or serializing a parsed JSON body) throw synchronously. In a typical Node.js HTTP framework the throw is caught by the framework error boundary and the affected request returns a 500; the process survives and other requests are unaffected. Where the call runs outside an error boundary, such as an `async` Express 4 handler (where the throw becomes an unhandled promise rejection) or a bare `http` request handler, the process exits, so the impact in that case depends on the application error handling rather than on qs. The default `arrayFormat` (`indices`) is not affected."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"bebf031c5eb7c7b1","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:1.20.7:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"name":"stdlib","purl":"pkg:golang/stdlib@1.20.7","type":"go-module","version":"go1.20.7","language":"go","licenses":["BSD-3-Clause"],"metadata":{"architecture":"","goCompiledVersion":"go1.20.7"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/fixuid","layerID":"sha256:3f4495a891dcd1252878a62937610bad2f37b4da54c0ad55e594a73dcc31950d","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/fixuid","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"1.25.12"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-5856","versionConstraint":"<1.25.12||>=1.26.0-0,<1.26.5||>=1.27.0-0,<1.27.0-rc.2 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Only TLS 1.2 is affected, since TLS 1.3 does not support renegotiation. The issue is fixed in undici 6.29.1, 7.30.1, and 8.12.2, and users should upgrade to one of those versions or later. As a workaround, restrict outbound connections to TLS 1.3 so renegotiation cannot occur, when the target endpoints support it."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"d6d29bd93eea7667","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:nodejs:undici:7.29.1:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*"],"name":"undici","purl":"pkg:npm/undici@7.29.1","type":"npm","version":"7.29.1","language":"javascript","licenses":["MIT"],"locations":[{"path":"/usr/lib/code-server/lib/vscode/node_modules/undici/package.json","layerID":"sha256:e011d61797f4acebbca0d551ba30c93ba1b7794825db9345269f161f74a8d959","accessPath":"/usr/lib/code-server/lib/vscode/node_modules/undici/package.json","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[]},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"7.30.1"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GHSA-f72v-6w45-q472","versionConstraint":">=7.15.0,<7.30.1 (semantic)"},"matcher":"javascript-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"undici","version":"7.29.1"},"language":"javascript","namespace":"github:language:javascript"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GHSA-f72v-6w45-q472","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["7.30.1"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-24","kind":"first-observed","version":"7.30.1"}]},"cvss":[{"type":"Secondary","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","metrics":{"baseScore":5.9,"impactScore":3.6,"exploitabilityScore":2.3},"version":"3.1","vendorMetadata":{}}],"cwes":[{"cve":"CVE-2026-109841","cwe":"CWE-178","type":"Secondary","source":"ce714d77-add3-4f53-aff5-83d477b104bb"}],"epss":[{"cve":"CVE-2026-109841","date":"2026-10-27","epss":0.00252,"percentile":0.16546}],"risk":0.13734000000000002,"urls":["https://github.com/nodejs/undici/security/advisories/GHSA-f72v-6w45-q472","https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-109841","https://github.com/nodejs/undici/commit/18bc8a1e09d15bc45815154a289dcf6fd5254d00","https://github.com/nodejs/undici/commit/4f7ef6806e532ab9e29ccd6229b1b9d241e1b1f0","https://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html","https://github.com/nodejs/undici/releases/tag/v7.30.1","https://github.com/nodejs/undici/releases/tag/v8.12.2"],"severity":"Medium","namespace":"github:language:javascript","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-f72v-6w45-q472","description":"undici vulnerable to Subresource Integrity bypass via non-lowercase algorithm tokens"},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-109841","cvss":[{"type":"Primary","source":"nvd@nist.gov","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","metrics":{"baseScore":7.5,"impactScore":3.6,"exploitabilityScore":3.9},"version":"3.1","vendorMetadata":{}},{"type":"Secondary","source":"ce714d77-add3-4f53-aff5-83d477b104bb","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N","metrics":{"baseScore":5.9,"impactScore":3.6,"exploitabilityScore":2.3},"version":"3.1","vendorMetadata":{}}],"cwes":[{"cve":"CVE-2026-109841","cwe":"CWE-178","type":"Secondary","source":"ce714d77-add3-4f53-aff5-83d477b104bb"}],"epss":[{"cve":"CVE-2026-109841","date":"2026-10-27","epss":0.00252,"percentile":0.16546}],"urls":["https://cna.openjsf.org/security-advisories.html","https://github.com/nodejs/undici/security/advisories/GHSA-f72v-6w45-q472"],"severity":"High","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-109841","description":"undici is an HTTP client library for Node.js. In versions 7.15.0 through 7.30.0 and 8.0.0 through 8.12.1, its fetch() implementation verifies Subresource Integrity metadata by matching the algorithm token against a lowercase-only set, even though the SRI specification defines the token by its ASCII-lowercase form, so a valid but non-lowercase token such as an uppercase or mixed-case SHA256 is treated as unknown and skipped. When no recognized algorithm remains, undici treats the integrity list as empty and accepts the response, so a server returning a body that does not match the pinned digest passes the check. An attacker who controls only the response body can therefore deliver attacker-controlled bytes to an application that pinned a valid uppercase or mixed-case SRI token, with no integrity error, affecting response integrity only. The issue is fixed in undici 7.30.1 and 8.12.2, which normalize the algorithm token to ASCII lowercase before validation, and users should upgrade to one of those versions or later. 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In versions 4.0.0 through 6.29.0, 7.0.0 through 7.30.0, and 8.0.0 through 8.12.1, its Agent dispatcher passes its constructor options through a JSON-based deep clone before forwarding them to each per-origin pool, and because JSON cannot represent functions, a caller-supplied tls option containing a checkServerIdentity callback is silently dropped before it reaches the TLS layer. As a result, a TLS peer whose certificate a custom checkServerIdentity was written to reject, but which passes Node's default hostname and chain checks, is silently accepted. Because Agent is the default dispatcher behind request, fetch, and setGlobalDispatcher, this affects the path most applications use, and EnvHttpProxyAgent is affected on its direct and no-proxy routes as well, while only applications that pass a function-valued tls option such as a custom checkServerIdentity for certificate or public-key pinning are at risk. The issue is fixed in undici 6.29.1, 7.30.1, and 8.12.2, which preserve the tls option outside the JSON clone so custom verification callbacks are forwarded unchanged, and users should upgrade to one of those versions or later. 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