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is the Go language implementation of gRPC. Versions prior to 1.79.3 have an authorization bypass resulting from improper input validation of the HTTP/2 `:path` pseudo-header. The gRPC-Go server was too lenient in its routing logic, accepting requests where the `:path` omitted the mandatory leading slash (e.g., `Service/Method` instead of `/Service/Method`). While the server successfully routed these requests to the correct handler, authorization interceptors (including the official `grpc/authz` package) evaluated the raw, non-canonical path string. Consequently, \"deny\" rules defined using canonical paths (starting with `/`) failed to match the incoming request, allowing it to bypass the policy if a fallback \"allow\" rule was present. This affects gRPC-Go servers that use path-based authorization interceptors, such as the official RBAC implementation in `google.golang.org/grpc/authz` or custom interceptors relying on `info.FullMethod` or `grpc.Method(ctx)`; AND that have a security policy contains specific \"deny\" rules for canonical paths but allows other requests by default (a fallback \"allow\" rule). The vulnerability is exploitable by an attacker who can send raw HTTP/2 frames with malformed `:path` headers directly to the gRPC server. The fix in version 1.79.3 ensures that any request with a `:path` that does not start with a leading slash is immediately rejected with a `codes.Unimplemented` error, preventing it from reaching authorization interceptors or handlers with a non-canonical path string. While upgrading is the most secure and recommended path, users can mitigate the vulnerability using one of the following methods: Use a validating interceptor (recommended mitigation); infrastructure-level normalization; and/or policy hardening."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"93effef239f34cfd","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:1.22.12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"name":"stdlib","purl":"pkg:golang/stdlib@1.22.12","type":"go-module","version":"go1.22.12","language":"go","licenses":["BSD-3-Clause"],"metadata":{"architecture":"","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"1.24.13"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-4337","versionConstraint":"<1.24.13||>=1.25.0-0,<1.25.7||>=1.26.0-rc.1,<1.26.0-rc.3 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"stdlib","version":"go1.22.12"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-4337","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["1.24.13","1.25.7","1.26.0-rc.3"],"available":[{"date":"2026-02-04","kind":"release","version":"1.24.13"},{"date":"2026-02-04","kind":"release","version":"1.25.7"},{"date":"2026-02-04","kind":"release","version":"1.26.0-rc.3"}]},"cvss":[{"type":"Primary","source":"nvd@nist.gov","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","metrics":{"baseScore":10,"impactScore":6.1,"exploitabilityScore":3.9},"version":"3.1","vendorMetadata":{}}],"cwes":[{"cve":"CVE-2025-68121","cwe":"CWE-295","type":"Secondary","source":"134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0"}],"epss":[{"cve":"CVE-2025-68121","date":"2026-10-08","epss":0.00915,"percentile":0.58934}],"risk":0.8692500000000001,"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/737700","https://go.dev/issue/77217"],"severity":"Critical","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/K09ubi9FQFk","description":"During session resumption in crypto/tls, if the underlying Config has its ClientCAs or RootCAs fields mutated between the initial handshake and the resumed handshake, the resumed handshake may succeed when it should have failed. 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This exploit is not applicable for HTTP/1 servers, which do not support multiplexing a large number of requests over one TCP connection, and whose Server.MaxHeaderBytes are calculated differently."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"e92dd42ed699c70f","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:networking:v0.33.0:*:*:*:*:go:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:golang:net:v0.33.0:*:*:*:*:go:*:*"],"name":"golang.org/x/net","purl":"pkg:golang/golang.org/x/net@v0.33.0","type":"go-module","version":"v0.33.0","language":"go","licenses":[],"metadata":{"h1Digest":"h1:74SYHlV8BIgHIFC/LrYkOGIwL19eTYXQ5wc6TBuO36I=","mainModule":"github.com/opentofu/opentofu","architecture":"amd64","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"0.60.0"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-6610","versionConstraint":"<0.60.0 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"golang.org/x/net","version":"v0.33.0"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-6610","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["0.60.0"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"0.60.0"}]},"cvss":[],"risk":0,"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/836385","https://go.dev/issue/81115","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/cl/835145","description":"Historically, we have been rather lax about malformed framing-related headers in our HTTP/2 implementation, as they cannot interfere with HTTP/2 framing. However, this makes it possible for our HTTP/2 implementation to forward responses containing such headers to an HTTP/1 client when acting as a reverse proxy. If the HTTP/1 client also does not behave strictly enough, this can result in response smuggling."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-78660","cvss":[],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/835145","https://go.dev/cl/836385","https://go.dev/issue/81115","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6610"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78660","description":"Historically, we have been rather lax about malformed framing-related headers in our HTTP/2 implementation, as they cannot interfere with HTTP/2 framing. However, this makes it possible for our HTTP/2 implementation to forward responses containing such headers to an HTTP/1 client when acting as a reverse proxy. If the HTTP/1 client also does not behave strictly enough, this can result in response smuggling."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"e92dd42ed699c70f","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:networking:v0.33.0:*:*:*:*:go:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:golang:net:v0.33.0:*:*:*:*:go:*:*"],"name":"golang.org/x/net","purl":"pkg:golang/golang.org/x/net@v0.33.0","type":"go-module","version":"v0.33.0","language":"go","licenses":[],"metadata":{"h1Digest":"h1:74SYHlV8BIgHIFC/LrYkOGIwL19eTYXQ5wc6TBuO36I=","mainModule":"github.com/opentofu/opentofu","architecture":"amd64","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"0.60.0"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-6611","versionConstraint":"<0.60.0 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"golang.org/x/net","version":"v0.33.0"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-6611","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["0.60.0"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"0.60.0"}]},"cvss":[],"risk":0,"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847308","https://go.dev/issue/81742","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/ZPwCyRUuGBs"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/cl/847186","description":"A malicious HTTP/2 peer can cause excessive CPU consumption in the client or server by opening a large number of streams and then sending many small SETTINGS frames containing SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE values."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-78669","cvss":[],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847186","https://go.dev/cl/847308","https://go.dev/issue/81742","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/ZPwCyRUuGBs","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6611"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78669","description":"A malicious HTTP/2 peer can cause excessive CPU consumption in the client or server by opening a large number of streams and then sending many small SETTINGS frames containing SETTINGS_INITIAL_WINDOW_SIZE values."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"e92dd42ed699c70f","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:networking:v0.33.0:*:*:*:*:go:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:golang:net:v0.33.0:*:*:*:*:go:*:*"],"name":"golang.org/x/net","purl":"pkg:golang/golang.org/x/net@v0.33.0","type":"go-module","version":"v0.33.0","language":"go","licenses":[],"metadata":{"h1Digest":"h1:74SYHlV8BIgHIFC/LrYkOGIwL19eTYXQ5wc6TBuO36I=","mainModule":"github.com/opentofu/opentofu","architecture":"amd64","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"0.60.0"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-6612","versionConstraint":"<0.60.0 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"golang.org/x/net","version":"v0.33.0"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-6612","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["0.60.0"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"0.60.0"}]},"cvss":[],"risk":0,"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847310","https://go.dev/issue/81743","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/ZPwCyRUuGBs"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/cl/847187","description":"The HTTP/2 server can refund connection-level flow control twice for the same data: Once when a client resets a stream (refunding data for any sent-but-unread portion of the stream), and again when a request handler reads the buffered data. A malicious client can exploit this to bypass the configured connection-level flow control limit (MaxReceiveBufferPerConnection). Total buffered data is still limited by the concurrent stream limit and stream-level flow control."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-78663","cvss":[],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847187","https://go.dev/cl/847310","https://go.dev/issue/81743","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/ZPwCyRUuGBs","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6612"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78663","description":"The HTTP/2 server can refund connection-level flow control twice for the same data: Once when a client resets a stream (refunding data for any sent-but-unread portion of the stream), and again when a request handler reads the buffered data. A malicious client can exploit this to bypass the configured connection-level flow control limit (MaxReceiveBufferPerConnection). Total buffered data is still limited by the concurrent stream limit and stream-level flow control."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"e92dd42ed699c70f","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:networking:v0.33.0:*:*:*:*:go:*:*","cpe:2.3:a:golang:net:v0.33.0:*:*:*:*:go:*:*"],"name":"golang.org/x/net","purl":"pkg:golang/golang.org/x/net@v0.33.0","type":"go-module","version":"v0.33.0","language":"go","licenses":[],"metadata":{"h1Digest":"h1:74SYHlV8BIgHIFC/LrYkOGIwL19eTYXQ5wc6TBuO36I=","mainModule":"github.com/opentofu/opentofu","architecture":"amd64","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"0.60.0"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-6617","versionConstraint":"<0.60.0 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"golang.org/x/net","version":"v0.33.0"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-6617","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["0.60.0"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"0.60.0"}]},"cvss":[],"risk":0,"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847313","https://go.dev/issue/81867","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/ZPwCyRUuGBs"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/cl/847188","description":"HTTP/2 servers could end up crashing due to inadvertently modifying its HPACK encoder concurrently. This happens because the server modifies the HPACK encoder from two goroutines without synchronization: one uses the encoder to encode a HEADERS frame as part of a response sent to a client and the other modifies the encoder's table size when handling a SETTINGS frame containing SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE that a client sends. A malicious client can repeatedly send a request while changing the header table size to crash the server."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-97032","cvss":[],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847188","https://go.dev/cl/847313","https://go.dev/issue/81867","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/ZPwCyRUuGBs","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6617"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-97032","description":"HTTP/2 servers could end up crashing due to inadvertently modifying its HPACK encoder concurrently. This happens because the server modifies the HPACK encoder from two goroutines without synchronization: one uses the encoder to encode a HEADERS frame as part of a response sent to a client and the other modifies the encoder's table size when handling a SETTINGS frame containing SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE that a client sends. A malicious client can repeatedly send a request while changing the header table size to crash the server."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"93effef239f34cfd","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:1.22.12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"name":"stdlib","purl":"pkg:golang/stdlib@1.22.12","type":"go-module","version":"go1.22.12","language":"go","licenses":["BSD-3-Clause"],"metadata":{"architecture":"","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"1.26.9"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-6599","versionConstraint":"<1.26.9||>=1.27.0-0,<1.27.2 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"stdlib","version":"go1.22.12"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-6599","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["1.26.9","1.27.2"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.26.9"},{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.27.2"}]},"cvss":[],"risk":0,"urls":["https://go.dev/issue/81821","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/cl/839866","description":"When a JavaScript template literal contains consecutive expressions, the context tracking state was not properly reset upon entering a new expression.\n\nWe now ensure that template-literal expression entries correctly reset context variables so all subsequent regular expression literals are accurately recognized and escaped."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-94448","cvss":[],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/839866","https://go.dev/issue/81821","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6599"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-94448","description":"When a JavaScript template literal contains consecutive expressions, the context tracking state was not properly reset upon entering a new expression. We now ensure that template-literal expression entries correctly reset context variables so all subsequent regular expression literals are accurately recognized and escaped."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"93effef239f34cfd","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:1.22.12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"name":"stdlib","purl":"pkg:golang/stdlib@1.22.12","type":"go-module","version":"go1.22.12","language":"go","licenses":["BSD-3-Clause"],"metadata":{"architecture":"","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"1.26.9"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-6600","versionConstraint":"<1.26.9||>=1.27.0-0,<1.27.2 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"stdlib","version":"go1.22.12"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-6600","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["1.26.9","1.27.2"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.26.9"},{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.27.2"}]},"cvss":[],"risk":0,"urls":["https://go.dev/issue/81823","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/cl/840925","description":"A trusted template author may have previously written a valid template wherein the use of the 'yield' keyword would not be correctly escaped.\n\nWe now ensure that valid keyword uses are escaped and non-keyword uses are not escaped."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-97030","cvss":[],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/840925","https://go.dev/issue/81823","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6600"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-97030","description":"A trusted template author may have previously written a valid template wherein the use of the 'yield' keyword would not be correctly escaped. We now ensure that valid keyword uses are escaped and non-keyword uses are not escaped."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"93effef239f34cfd","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:1.22.12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"name":"stdlib","purl":"pkg:golang/stdlib@1.22.12","type":"go-module","version":"go1.22.12","language":"go","licenses":["BSD-3-Clause"],"metadata":{"architecture":"","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"1.26.9"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-6603","versionConstraint":"<1.26.9 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"stdlib","version":"go1.22.12"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-6603","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["1.26.9"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.26.9"}]},"cvss":[],"risk":0,"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847314","https://go.dev/issue/81857","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/ZPwCyRUuGBs"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/cl/847185","description":"When \"Trailer\" headers are sent by a client, the HTTP server internally uses the header values to populate the Request.Trailer map passed to the server handler. Because Request.Trailer is a map, each entry incurs memory overhead. For HTTP/2 servers, a malicious client can exploit this by sending a \"Trailer\" header that declares a large number of fields, causing the server to allocate a disproportionate amount of memory while bypassing Server.MaxHeaderValueCount and Server.MaxHeaderBytes limits. This exploit is not applicable for HTTP/1 servers, which do not support multiplexing a large number of requests over one TCP connection, and whose Server.MaxHeaderBytes are calculated differently."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-78659","cvss":[],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847185","https://go.dev/cl/847314","https://go.dev/issue/81857","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/ZPwCyRUuGBs","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6603"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78659","description":"When \"Trailer\" headers are sent by a client, the HTTP server internally uses the header values to populate the Request.Trailer map passed to the server handler. Because Request.Trailer is a map, each entry incurs memory overhead. For HTTP/2 servers, a malicious client can exploit this by sending a \"Trailer\" header that declares a large number of fields, causing the server to allocate a disproportionate amount of memory while bypassing Server.MaxHeaderValueCount and Server.MaxHeaderBytes limits. This exploit is not applicable for HTTP/1 servers, which do not support multiplexing a large number of requests over one TCP connection, and whose Server.MaxHeaderBytes are calculated differently."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"93effef239f34cfd","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:1.22.12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"name":"stdlib","purl":"pkg:golang/stdlib@1.22.12","type":"go-module","version":"go1.22.12","language":"go","licenses":["BSD-3-Clause"],"metadata":{"architecture":"","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"1.26.9"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-6604","versionConstraint":"<1.26.9||>=1.27.0-0,<1.27.2 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"stdlib","version":"go1.22.12"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-6604","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["1.26.9","1.27.2"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.26.9"},{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.27.2"}]},"cvss":[],"risk":0,"urls":["https://go.dev/issue/81739","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/cl/847305","description":"On Windows, when the target of Root.Mkdir or Root.MkdirAll is a junction pointing to an empty location, the operation can create a directory at the junction target even when that target is located outside the root. This only applies to operations where the last path component is a junction (path/to/junction, but not path/junction/target)."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-56857","cvss":[],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847305","https://go.dev/issue/81739","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6604"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-56857","description":"On Windows, when the target of Root.Mkdir or Root.MkdirAll is a junction pointing to an empty location, the operation can create a directory at the junction target even when that target is located outside the root. This only applies to operations where the last path component is a junction (path/to/junction, but not path/junction/target)."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"93effef239f34cfd","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:1.22.12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"name":"stdlib","purl":"pkg:golang/stdlib@1.22.12","type":"go-module","version":"go1.22.12","language":"go","licenses":["BSD-3-Clause"],"metadata":{"architecture":"","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"1.26.9"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-6605","versionConstraint":"<1.26.9||>=1.27.0-0,<1.27.2 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"stdlib","version":"go1.22.12"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-6605","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["1.26.9","1.27.2"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.26.9"},{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.27.2"}]},"cvss":[],"risk":0,"urls":["https://go.dev/issue/81740","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/cl/847306","description":"When http.Transport sends an HTTP/1 CONNECT request with a non-empty Request.Body, it writes the body directly to the connection without framing after the request headers. 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A malicious client can exploit this to bypass the configured connection-level flow control limit (MaxReceiveBufferPerConnection). Total buffered data is still limited by the concurrent stream limit and stream-level flow control."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-78663","cvss":[],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847187","https://go.dev/cl/847310","https://go.dev/issue/81743","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/ZPwCyRUuGBs","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6612"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-78663","description":"The HTTP/2 server can refund connection-level flow control twice for the same data: Once when a client resets a stream (refunding data for any sent-but-unread portion of the stream), and again when a request handler reads the buffered data. 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Total buffered data is still limited by the concurrent stream limit and stream-level flow control."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"93effef239f34cfd","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:1.22.12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"name":"stdlib","purl":"pkg:golang/stdlib@1.22.12","type":"go-module","version":"go1.22.12","language":"go","licenses":["BSD-3-Clause"],"metadata":{"architecture":"","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"1.26.9"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-6613","versionConstraint":"<1.26.9||>=1.27.0-0,<1.27.2 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"stdlib","version":"go1.22.12"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-6613","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["1.26.9","1.27.2"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.26.9"},{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.27.2"}]},"cvss":[],"risk":0,"urls":["https://go.dev/issue/81744","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/cl/847311","description":"When an HTTP server handler sends a 2xx response to an HTTP/1 CONNECT request and returns without hijacking the connection, the server improperly continues to read and serve requests from the connection. Since a 2xx response to an HTTP/1 CONNECT converts the connection into a tunnel, the server should not treat the connection as continuing to contain HTTP.\n\nThe impact of this misbehavior is mostly limited to potential request smuggling, where an intermediate proxy considers the data on the connection to be tunneled and the server considers it to be HTTP."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-94439","cvss":[],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847311","https://go.dev/issue/81744","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6613"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-94439","description":"When an HTTP server handler sends a 2xx response to an HTTP/1 CONNECT request and returns without hijacking the connection, the server improperly continues to read and serve requests from the connection. Since a 2xx response to an HTTP/1 CONNECT converts the connection into a tunnel, the server should not treat the connection as continuing to contain HTTP. The impact of this misbehavior is mostly limited to potential request smuggling, where an intermediate proxy considers the data on the connection to be tunneled and the server considers it to be HTTP."}]},{"artifact":{"id":"93effef239f34cfd","cpes":["cpe:2.3:a:golang:go:1.22.12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*"],"name":"stdlib","purl":"pkg:golang/stdlib@1.22.12","type":"go-module","version":"go1.22.12","language":"go","licenses":["BSD-3-Clause"],"metadata":{"architecture":"","goCompiledVersion":"go1.22.12"},"locations":[{"path":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","layerID":"sha256:94824e39d8119b64451b69f9b8a71b4e7d44ee91fd0d5b5a072f4ee4041d03f5","accessPath":"/usr/local/bin/tofu","annotations":{"evidence":"primary"}}],"upstreams":[],"metadataType":"GolangBinMetadata"},"matchDetails":[{"fix":{"suggestedVersion":"1.26.9"},"type":"exact-direct-match","found":{"vulnerabilityID":"GO-2026-6617","versionConstraint":"<1.26.9 (go)"},"matcher":"go-module-matcher","searchedBy":{"package":{"name":"stdlib","version":"go1.22.12"},"language":"go","namespace":"govulndb:language:go"}}],"vulnerability":{"id":"GO-2026-6617","fix":{"state":"fixed","versions":["1.26.9"],"available":[{"date":"2026-10-08","kind":"release","version":"1.26.9"}]},"cvss":[],"risk":0,"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847313","https://go.dev/issue/81867","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/ZPwCyRUuGBs"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"govulndb:language:go","advisories":[],"dataSource":"https://go.dev/cl/847188","description":"HTTP/2 servers could end up crashing due to inadvertently modifying its HPACK encoder concurrently. This happens because the server modifies the HPACK encoder from two goroutines without synchronization: one uses the encoder to encode a HEADERS frame as part of a response sent to a client and the other modifies the encoder's table size when handling a SETTINGS frame containing SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE that a client sends. A malicious client can repeatedly send a request while changing the header table size to crash the server."},"relatedVulnerabilities":[{"id":"CVE-2026-97032","cvss":[],"urls":["https://go.dev/cl/847188","https://go.dev/cl/847313","https://go.dev/issue/81867","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/U2fTuyDJznI","https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/ZPwCyRUuGBs","https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-6617"],"severity":"Unknown","namespace":"nvd:cpe","dataSource":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-97032","description":"HTTP/2 servers could end up crashing due to inadvertently modifying its HPACK encoder concurrently. This happens because the server modifies the HPACK encoder from two goroutines without synchronization: one uses the encoder to encode a HEADERS frame as part of a response sent to a client and the other modifies the encoder's table size when handling a SETTINGS frame containing SETTINGS_HEADER_TABLE_SIZE that a client sends. A malicious client can repeatedly send a request while changing the header table size to crash the server."}]}],"grade":"F","score":"0.00","as_of":"2026-10-09T19:18:23.333Z","grype_db_version":"2026-10-09T06:32:32.000Z"}